Design Philosophy Research Articles

Design and Analysis of a Campus Service Platform Based on WeChat Mini Program

This paper explores the design and analysis process of a campus service mini program. As known, an increasing number of mini program platforms are emerging in the market, and the unique community of schools, consisting of teachers and students, also requires a dedicated mini program to cater to their needs. This paper covers aspects such as the functional design, page layout, technical implementation, market analysis, and future planning of the mini program. Through our research, we have found that the design and development of a mini program is a complex and meticulous task, requiring thorough consideration of user needs, technical implementation capabilities, and market demands. Utilizing front-end development technologies, the mini program achieved a simple and user-friendly interface, consolidating multiple scattered platforms commonly used by users, enhancing the platform's practicality, and improving user experience. This research article provides a detailed introduction to the design philosophy, functional modules, technical implementation, and market analysis of the mini program. Additionally, the paper outlines future development trends and offers development recommendations, enabling the mini program to better face future challenges.

Importance of building inspection on the seismic response of a severely damaged RC structure during the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence

Large magnitude February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye created a devastating effect on the building stock on a vast region. For earthquakes of this magnitude, severe damage and collapses are indispensable to the old building stock with deficiencies certified in previous earthquakes. But unexpectedly, the newly constructed buildings that were designed by recent version of Turkish Building Seismic Code (TBEC 2018) also experienced severe damage. After conducting site investigations on one of the recently constructed and severely damaged RC building, a detailed numerical study was performed to identify the reasons for the observed seismic damage. This study pinpoints the main cause of such damage due to lack of thorough building inspections during construction to ensure the implementation of the seismic reinforcement detailing specified in blueprints for providing required ductility, as revealed by field investigations. Additionally, it identifies potential issues stemming from a lack of full comprehension of the seismic design philosophy within the code. The existing design pushes the limits on the axial load level on slender column elements and fall short in capturing the soft story irregularity. Although there is a soft base story in the investigated building, using structural walls only in one direction with moderately confined boundary zones increased its vulnerability. This example shows that in Türkiye, where seismic activity is very high and quite lethal, seismic design codes should set stricter limits and measures, and building inspection system must be strictly enforced.

Observed seismic performance of buildings and bridges during a major earthquake followed by one other major earthquake in the close vicinity of the first one

AbstractIn the recent 2023 major earthquake triggering one other large earthquake in Anatolia, the poor structural performance of buildings and the satisfactory performance of bridges remained relatively consistent compared to past observed earthquake experiences. Despite numerous building collapses, it is worth noting that no bridges collapsed during the event. Several engineering factors for poor building performance have been identified based on field building inspections in the recent and past earthquakes, such as the misuse of building design software without proper engineering judgment, the utilization of poor-quality construction materials, underestimation of earthquake forces, construction on inadequate soil conditions, design mistakes, and incorrect implementation of high ductility reinforcement details. In the aftermath of the earthquake, it was found that only a small percentage of bridges (1%) were closed, and approximately 50% of them were reopened to traffic within 24 h. Remarkably, no bridge collapses including the modern or old bridges were reported in the affected area. The focus of this paper is to identify the differences in the design philosophy between buildings and bridges and to understand the reasons behind the bridges’ resilience during these rare earthquakes. The study involves analyzing past structural performances of buildings and bridges under different earthquake conditions and design requirements. Analytical results from a survived 90-year-old reinforced concrete arch railroad bridge, highlighting its resilience and design characteristics are also presented.

A Review on Slit Steel Shear Walls: Development, Implementation, and Performance

Over centuries, natural phenomena have claimed a large number of lives and caused large amounts of damage. However, they were the reason for the development of knowledge and science. In engineering, there is no doubt that earthquakes were the driving force behind many design philosophies and advanced technologies. In this regard, steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) represent one of the technologies employed in both new constructions and existing structures to bolster lateral load resistance. In addition to its high elastic stiffness and strength, SPSWs often experience significant pinching during their hysteretic response unless heavily stiffened. Thus, numerous investigations have been performed recently to enhance the seismic behavior of SPSWs during severe ground shaking. The shear walls of steel plates have been studied in various ways, including stiffened and unstiffened steel plates, low yield strength steel plates, SPSWs perforated with circular holes or vertical slits, steel walls with stiffened and unstiffened openings. A stiffened SPSW panel dissipates significantly more energy than an unstiffened panel, as well as exhibiting a ductile and stable behavior. In view of its high elongation, the SPSW with low yield point has the best damping capacity. It has been demonstrated that steel walls perforated with circular holes have improved energy dissipation, in addition to allowing utilities to pass through their openings. Vertical slits on steel plate shear walls produce an exceptionally full hysteresis loop with improved performances. Slit steel walls (SSWs) can sustain a drift of over 3% while experiencing minimal hysteresis degradation. Additionally, a frame with a SSW can endure up to 6% drift without significant damage, surpassing expected ductility levels of a special moment frame, particularly with efficient slit geometry.

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF JODHPUR: A RESILIENT APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

Sustainable architecture is the application of principles that contribute in the evolution of building designs and processes that reduce the negative environmental effects of construction. When contemplating Jodhpur's vernacular architecture, it becomes clear that traditional construction methods correspond to basic green design principles such as using energy-efficient locally available materials and resources. Many traditional aspects of Jodhpur architecture can be easily incorporated into contemporary environments to provide a sustainable atmosphere and natural accompaniment. This study presents the scope of eco-friendly development of the city by using traditional construction techniques and materials, built forms, and fabric with a thorough analysis of the hot and dry climate of the area. It also encompasses the use of this local architecture to help create an energy- efficient thermal comfort zone in similar climatic conditions in any part of the world. This work is an attempt to reclaim the ideals about good architecture towards this setting, in not only terms of identifying the hot and arid climate but also in terms of producing a design philosophy relevant to the manner of living in a conventional city.

A rational approach for the scantling design of GRP pleasure crafts

In various fields of industrial engineering, including naval architecture, structural design is considered one of the most challenging steps by designers as it shall accommodate all other design aspects, likely already defined in earlier steps. Moreover, structures need to comply with specific requirements, i.e. limit states, while also performing in accordance with user's demands in terms of mission profile. In a goal-based design perspective, limit state criteria have to be defined accounting for both, structural robustness, functional and operational demands. Construction feasibility is an issue as well, further constraining the scantling design. Balancing construction needs, ship performances and structural aspects is not always an easy task.The environment in which a ship operates is indeed complex and verification of safety and robustness is usually carried out in accordance with classification societies and other rules, possibly applying direct calculations whenever applicable rules do not provide suitable solutions. At the same time, the asset needs to fulfill various attributes specified by the owner. As a matter of facts, the scantling design is mathematically a multivariate and over-constrained problem whose feasible solutions are in fact rather few. In the case of composite pleasure craft hull structures, while the number of design variables increases, feasibility constraints also largely reduce the design space.To address these challenges, designers may nowadays exploit new procedures able to reduce structural weight, though ensuring that the asset performs safely and adequately meeting client's requirements. To achieve this, designers may combine a more rational design philosophy with currently available numerical problem-solving applications to obtain a rational trade-off among all actually feasible solutions, which are relatively few.Thus, the objective of this study is to present a dependable numerical method for determining the scantling while reducing the weight of hull composite structures of pleasure crafts. This method aims to provide the most suitable, high-performing, and safe layout in the quickest and easiest possible manner. It turns out that counterintuitive, yet feasible and fit-for-purpose, structural lay-outs can be obtained.

Harmony as an Aesthetic Approach for Meditation Centers

In recent years, meditation centres have become increasingly popular among individuals seeking solace, tranquillity, and respite from the pressures of contemporary life. This research paper seeks to explore the significance of harmony as an aesthetic approach in designing and organizing meditation centres, with the aim of enhancing the overall meditative experience for practitioners. By conducting an interdisciplinary examination of architecture, interior design, and psychological well-being, this study aims to investigate the role of harmonious aesthetics in facilitating a more effective and fulfilling meditation experience. The study emphasizes the importance of harmonious aesthetics in shaping the design of meditation centres. The pursuit of visual appeal extends beyond mere aesthetics to encompass a multisensory experience that evokes a sense of calmness and promotes mindfulness. The interplay of colours, textures, and spatial arrangements come together to create a serene atmosphere that guides practitioners on a journey inward. The paper underscores the significance of interior design in fostering harmony in meditation centres. Interior spaces that incorporate calming colour palettes, natural materials, and minimalist aesthetics create an environment that is conducive to meditation. Researchers examine the psychological impact of these design choices on practitioners, exploring how a harmonious interior can facilitate a deeper sense of mindfulness and focus during meditation sessions. Furthermore, the study analyses case studies of existing meditation centres that are renowned for their aesthetic excellence. By identifying commonalities in their design philosophies and best practices, the paper aims to inform architects, designers, and meditation practitioners alike. The goal is to foster a deeper understanding of the role of intentional aesthetics in enhancing the meditative journey and contributing to holistic well-being. In conclusion, this research paper emphasizes the significance of harmony as a key aesthetic principle in meditation centre design. By focusing on harmonious aesthetics, architects, designers, and meditation practitioners can create an environment that promotes inner peace, mindfulness, and overall well-being. The findings of this study contribute to the evolving discourse on meditation centre design and have practical implications for those involved in the design and construction of such spaces. Keywords: harmonious aesthetics, design of meditation centres, multisensory experience, harmony principle

Conformational Analysis of Conjugated Organic Materials: What Are My Heteroatoms Really Doing?

Organic semiconductor small molecules and polymers often incorporate heteroatoms into their chemical structures to affect the electronic properties of the material. A particular design philosophy has been to use these heteroatoms to influence torsional potentials, since the overlap of adjacent π-orbitals is most efficient in planar systems and is critical for charge delocalization in these systems. Since these design rules became popular, the messages from the earlier works have become lost in a sea of reports of "conformational locks", where the non-covalent interactions have relatively small contributions to planarizing torsional potentials. Greater influences can be found in the stabilization by extended conjugation, consideration of steric repulsion, and the interactions involving solubilizing chains and neighboring molecules or polymer chains in condensed phases.

Semantics-Enabled Data Federation: Bringing Materials Scientists Closer to FAIR Data

AbstractThe development and discovery of new materials can be significantly enhanced through the adoption of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles and the establishment of a robust data infrastructure in support of materials informatics. A FAIR data infrastructure and associated best practices empower materials scientists to access and make the most of a wealth of information on materials properties, structures, and behaviors, allowing them to collaborate effectively, and enable data-driven approaches to material discovery. To make data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable to materials scientists, we developed and are in the process of expanding a materials data infrastructure to capture, store, and link data to enable a variety of analytics and visualizations. Our infrastructure follows three key architectural design philosophies: (i) capture data across a federated storage layer to minimize the storage footprint and maximize the query performance for each data type, (ii) use a knowledge graph-based data fusion layer to provide a single logical interface above the federated data repositories, and (iii) provide an ensemble of FAIR data access and reuse services atop the knowledge graph to make it easy for materials scientists and other domain experts to explore, use, and derive value from the data. This paper details our architectural approach, open-source technologies used to build the capabilities and services, and describes two applications through which we have successfully demonstrated its use. In the first use case, we created a system to enable additive manufacturing data storage and process parameter optimization with a range of user-friendly visualizations. In the second use case, we created a system for exploring data from cathodic arc deposition experiments to develop a new steam turbine coating material, fusing a combination of materials data with physics-based equations to enable advanced reasoning over the combined knowledge using a natural language chatbot-like user interface.

A virtual reference trajectory scheme for tracking control of wheeled mobile robots with slip disturbances

The problem of trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robots with slip disturbances is investigated in this paper. A virtual reference trajectory scheme is proposed based on disturbance compensations. Different from the conventional design philosophy of adding disturbance compensations to the controller, the proposed scheme integrates slip disturbance estimates into the reference trajectory. The proposed scheme consists of two parts. First, the slip disturbance estimates and the reference trajectory are fused to generate a virtual reference trajectory, where the slip disturbances are estimated using a disturbance approximation method. Second, a controller is designed to enable the wheeled mobile robot’s odometry position and yaw angle track the virtual reference trajectory, and then the actual position of the wheeled mobile robot track the position of the real reference trajectory. Comparison simulations and experiments are provided to illustrate the validity and advantages of the proposed scheme.

Principles and Design of Biphasic Self‐Stratifying Batteries Toward Next‐Generation Energy Storage

AbstractLarge‐scale energy storage devices play pivotal roles in effectively harvesting and utilizing green renewable energies (such as solar and wind energy) with capricious nature. Biphasic self‐stratifying batteries (BSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative for grid energy storage owing to their membraneless architecture and innovative battery design philosophy, which holds promise for enhancing the overall performance of the energy storage system and reducing operation and maintenance costs. This minireview aims to provide a timely review of such emerging energy storage technology, including its fundamental design principles, existing categories, and prototype architectures. The challenges and opportunities of this undergoing research topic will also be systematically highlighted and discussed to provide guidance for the subsequent R&D of superior BSBs while conducive to bridging the gap for their future practical application.

Principles and Design of Biphasic Self-Stratifying Batteries Toward Next-Generation Energy Storage.

Large-scale energy storage devices play pivotal roles in effectively harvesting and utilizing green renewable energies (such as solar and wind energy) with capricious nature. Biphasic self-stratifying batteries (BSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative for grid energy storage owing to their membraneless architecture and innovative battery design philosophy, which holds promise for enhancing the overall performance of the energy storage system and reducing operation and maintenance costs. This minireview aims to provide a timely review of such emerging energy storage technology, including its fundamental design principles, existing categories, and prototype architectures. The challenges and opportunities of this undergoing research topic will also be systematically highlighted and discussed to provide guidance for the subsequent R&D of superior BSBs while conducive to bridging the gap for their future practical application.

Excellent specific strength-ductility synergy in novel complex concentrated alloy after suction casting

Lightweight alloys are known to improve the fuel efficiency of the structural components due to high strength-to-weight ratio, however, they lack formability at room temperature. This major limitation of poor formability is most of the time overcome by post-fabrication processing and treatments thereby increasing their cost exponentially. We present a novel Ti50V16Zr16Nb10Al5Mo3 (all in at. %) complex concentrated alloy (Ti-CCA) designed based on the combination of valence electron concentration theory and the high entropy approach. The optimal selection of constituent elements has led to a density of 5.63 gm/cc for Ti-CCA after suction casting (SC). SC Ti-CCA displayed exceptional room temperature strength (UTS ∼ 1.25 GPa) and ductility (ε ∼ 35 %) with a yield strength (YS) of ∼ 1.1 GPa (Specific YS = 191 MPa/gm/cc) without any post-processing treatments. The exceptional YS in Ti-CCA is attributed to hetero grain size microstructure, whereas enormous strength-ductility synergy is due to the concurrent occurrence of slip and deformation band formation in the early stages of deformation followed by prolonged necking event due to delayed void nucleation and growth. The proposed philosophy of Ti-CCA design overcomes the conventional notion of strength-ductility trade-off in such alloy systems by retaining their inherent characteristics.

A review of the New Zealand National Joint Registry to evaluate the survivorship and revision rates of Nexel and Coonrad-Morrey total elbow arthroplasty

BackgroundTotal elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an appropriate surgical treatment option for a variety of conditions ranging from inflammatory arthritis to trauma. Due to a high complication profile, implant companies have attempted to improve patient outcomes with evolving design mechanics and philosophy. However, the Nexel TEA prosthesis has been criticized for its unacceptably high revision rate by other research groups in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survivorship and revision rates of the Nexel and Coonrad-Morrey total elbow arthroplasty implant systems in New Zealand. MethodsProspectively collected national joint registry data was used to compare the survival rates of these prostheses. Underlying diagnoses, reasons for revision, and patient demographics were all recorded. Statistical analysis included survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and comparison between groups using independent t-tests. ResultsOver the 23-year study interval, the Nexel and Coonrad-Morrey prostheses showed similar survivorship and revision rates. The revision rates at 5 years were 7.3% for ZN and 4.5% for the Coonrad-Morrey cohorts. The average time to revision for those who are revised was 3.13 ± 1.74 years in the Nexel group and 4.93 ± 4.13 years in the Coonrad-Morrey population. ConclusionOur study confirms a lower revision rate of the Nexel TEA compared to other studies in the literature. Additionally, the Nexel TEA implant performs comparably to its predecessor, the Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis in New Zealand. While it is difficult to explain the discrepancy in results with the study by Morrey et. al, future studies should focus on investigating postoperative radiographs and a deep analysis of the specific surgical technique used for this implant.

Experimental study on edge cell partially-replaced joint for I-beam to multi-celled CFST walls under cyclic loading

The multi-celled concreted-filled steel tubular walls (MCCFSTWs) are widely used in practice, especially in apartment constructions. The use of thin steel tubes in MCCFSTWs makes it weak at the joint zone, therefore the connections between the MCCFSTWs and steel beams become an important issue for the application of MCCFSTWs. A novel joint for the connection between the MCCFSTWs and I-beams is proposed in this study. The main feature of the proposed joint is that the edge cell of the MCCFSTW is partially replaced using a welded C-section, where two partial internal diaphragms are set to transfer the bending moment from the I-beam. With this treatment, the edge cell of MCCFSTWs near the joint zone can be significantly strengthened to satisfy the requirements of the seismic design, while the compactness of concrete at the joint zone can be guaranteed by using the partial internal diaphragms. The design philosophy of the proposed joint is first introduced in this study. Three specimens are then designed and tested under the cyclic lateral loading. Subsequently, the behaviors of the proposed joints are discussed based on the test results, including the failure mode, the hysteresis curve, the ductility, the ultimate load and the initial stiffness. The stress states at the joint zone obtained from tests are also analyzed and compared with those using simplified analytical model. According to Eurocode 3, all tested specimens can be classified as rigid and full-strength joints. Moreover, the rotation capacity of this novel joint meets the requirements of GB50011. The investigation of this paper is believed to be meaningful for the application of the novel joints in the practice.

Seismic behaviour of a steel moment resisting frame structure featuring hourglass double split tee joints

The occurrence of brittle fractures in welds of full-strength joints of steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs) during earthquakes in Northridge (1994) and Kobe (1995) marked a turning point in seismic design philosophies for steel structures. This led to the development of new strategies focusing on enhancing structural resilience and energy dissipation. While Reduced Beam Sections (RBS) were traditionally favoured, recent approaches include partial-strength joints and replaceable dissipative fuses, in some cases also equipped with self-centring components. These systems often employ friction or yielding dampers, ensuring that the weakest joint component comprises well-designed dampers for optimal ductility and energy dissipation.In this context, the present study evaluates the performance of a large-scale structure featuring MRFs with partial-strength double-split tee (DST) joints and hourglass dampers. These joints are conceptually similar to ADAS dampers and the Simpson Strong Tie moment connection prequalified by AISC 358–16. The research involves conducting a pseudo-dynamic test campaign on a two-storey steel structure designed according to EC8 provisions. Findings from experiments and a numerical model developed using OpenSees are discussed. Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) compare structures with hourglass DST joints to those with full-strength joints, showing enhanced self-centring capacity in DST-equipped structures despite lacking dedicated self-centring components. Additionally, structures with hourglass DST joints demonstrate significant low-cycle fatigue life, potentially reducing the need to replace dissipative components after severe seismic events.

FAIR Header Reference genome: a TRUSTworthy standard.

The lack of interoperable data standards among reference genome data-sharing platforms inhibits cross-platform analysis while increasing the risk of data provenance loss. Here, we describe the FAIR bioHeaders Reference genome (FHR), a metadata standard guided by the principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reuse (FAIR) in addition to the principles of Transparency, Responsibility, User focus, Sustainability and Technology. The objective of FHR is to provide an extensive set of data serialisation methods and minimum data field requirements while still maintaining extensibility, flexibility and expressivity in an increasingly decentralised genomic data ecosystem. The effort needed to implement FHR is low; FHR's design philosophy ensures easy implementation while retaining the benefits gained from recording both machine and human-readable provenance.

Introducing qrlabelr: Fast user-friendly software for machine- and human-readable labels in agricultural research and development

The advent of modern tools in agricultural experiments, digital data collection, and high-throughput phenotyping have necessitated field plot labels that are both machine- and human-readable. Such labels are usually made with commercial software, which are often inaccessible to under-funded research programs in developing countries. The availability of free fit-for-purpose label design software to under-funded research programs in developing countries would address one of the main roadblocks to modernizing agricultural research. The goal was to develop a new open-source software with design features well-suited for field trials and other agricultural experiments. We report here qrlabelr, a new software for creating print-ready plot labels that builds on the foundation of an existing open-source program. The qrlabelr software offers more flexibility in the label design steps, guarantees true string fidelity after QR encoding, and provides faster label generation to users. The new software is available as an R package and offers customizable functions for generating plot labels. For non-R users or beginners in R programming, the package provides an interactive Shiny app version that can be launched from R locally or accessed online at https://bit.ly/3Sud4xy. The design philosophy of this new program emphasizes the adoption of best practices in plot label design to enhance reproducibility, tracking, and accurate data curation in agricultural research and development studies.

The 'bIUreactor': An Open-Source 3D Tissue Research Platform.

We developed the open-source bIUreactor research platform for studying 3D structured tissues. The versatile and modular platform allows a researcher to generate 3D tissues, culture them with oxygenated perfusion, and provide cyclic loading, all in their own lab (in laboratorium) for an all in cost of $8,000 including 3D printer, printing resin, and electronics. We achieved this by applying a design philosophy that leverages 3D printing, open-source software and hardware, and practical techniques to produce the following: 1. perfusible 3D tissues, 2. a bioreactor chamber for tissue culture, 3. a module for applying cyclic compression, 4. a peristaltic pump for providing oxygenated perfusion to 3D tissues, 5. motor control units, and 6. open-source code for running the control units. By making it widely available for researchers to investigate 3D tissue models and easy for them to use, we intend for the bIUreactor to democratize 3D tissue research, therefore increasing the pace and scale of biomedical research discoveries using 3D tissue models.

Quantum Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Based on Variational Quantum Algorithms in the Era of NISQ

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, the synergistic collaboration between quantum and classical computing models has emerged as a promising solution for tackling complex computational challenges. Long short-term memory (LSTM), as a popular network for modeling sequential data, has been widely acknowledged for its effectiveness. However, with the increasing demand for data and spatial feature extraction, the training cost of LSTM exhibits exponential growth. In this study, we propose the quantum convolutional long short-term memory (QConvLSTM) model. By ingeniously integrating classical convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) networks and quantum variational algorithms, we leverage the variational quantum properties and the accelerating characteristics of quantum states to optimize the model training process. Experimental validation demonstrates that, compared to various LSTM variants, our proposed QConvLSTM model outperforms in terms of performance. Additionally, we adopt a hierarchical tree-like circuit design philosophy to enhance the model’s parallel computing capabilities while reducing dependence on quantum bit counts and circuit depth. Moreover, the inherent noise resilience in variational quantum algorithms makes this model more suitable for spatiotemporal sequence modeling tasks on NISQ devices.